3D Printing Hydrogel for Flexible Mechanical Sensors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64509/jim.11.43Keywords:
3D Printing, Hydrogel, Sensor, Health Monitoring, Human-Machine Interaction, Motion DetectionAbstract
The growing demand for flexible sensors, driven by advances in flexible electronics, highlights hydrogels as an ideal material due to their intrinsic flexibility, biocompatibility, and multifunctional sensing capabilities. The fabrication of hydrogel devices with complex three-dimensional (3D) architectures and customized functions remains a challenge for traditional methods, while the limitation is now being overcome by 3D printing technology. Compared with 3D bioprinting, which has entered an advanced stage of development and 3D printing of plastics, metals, and resins, where technologies are relatively mature, 3D printing of hydrogel devices is still in the middle exploration stage. In this review, we mainly introduce recent progress on how to use 3D printing to build high-performance flexible electronic devices based on hydrogels, from the perspective of regulating key 3D printing process parameters. We emphasize the influence of material parameters, process parameters, and post-processing on device performance. We explain the working principles, performance indicators, and material characteristics of mainstream sensors such as resistive sensors, introduce various 3D printing methods for hydrogels, then discuss the ink design principles and the balance between printing quality and printing functions, and summarize the latest progress of these sensors in health monitoring, motion detection, and human-machine interaction. In short, this article looks forward to the future development direction of this attractive field.
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